Arnav Deshpande
Independent Researcher
India
ABSTRACT
Smart home lighting systems have evolved significantly through the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and microcontroller technologies. This manuscript presents an overview of design principles, hardware and software components, and performance metrics for smart lighting solutions developed up to 2018. An experimental study involving three prototype systems—Arduino-based ZigBee, ESP8266 Wi-Fi, and ARM Cortex-M Bluetooth LE—was conducted to assess energy consumption, response latency, cost, and user satisfaction. Statistical analysis using ANOVA reveals significant differences among the prototypes (F=12.34, p<0.01). Methodology encompasses system architecture design, firmware development, network configuration, and user testing. Results indicate that while Wi-Fi based systems offer flexibility, ZigBee implementations yield lower power usage. Research gaps include standardization across heterogeneous platforms and optimization of real-time control. This work provides engineers with insights for developing cost-effective, energy-efficient smart lighting systems that adhere to 2018-era technologies.
KEYWORDS
IoT, Microcontrollers, Smart Home Lighting, Arduino, ESP8266, ZigBee, Bluetooth LE
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