Aisha Khan
Independent Researcher
India
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in soil poses a significant environmental and public health risk due to its toxicity, persistence, and bio accumulative nature. Traditional remediation methods often involve high costs and environmental disruption. Bioremediation, especially using indigenous bacteria, offers an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative. This manuscript reviews various bioremediation techniques employing native microbial populations to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As). The effectiveness of biosorption, bioaccumulation, bioleaching, and enzymatic transformation by indigenous bacteria is discussed, along with key factors affecting bioremediation efficiency. A statistical analysis is presented based on data extracted from experimental studies to compare removal efficiencies. The methodology outlines bacterial isolation, characterization, and bioremediation process design. Results demonstrate that indigenous bacteria significantly reduce heavy metal concentrations, validating their potential for in situ soil remediation. The conclusion emphasizes optimization strategies for field application and highlights future research directions.
Keywords
Bioremediation, Heavy Metals, Indigenous Bacteria, Soil Contamination, Biosorption
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