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DOI: https://doi.org/10.63345/ijrmeet.org.v9.i12.1
Syed Feroze Ahamed
Asst. professor
Anjuman-E-Islam’s
Nehru Arts Science and Commerce College,
Ganthikeri, Hubli, Karnataka-580020
Orcid id https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7200-963
Abstract— Plant regenerative biology underpins modern strategies for clonal multiplication, germplasm conservation, and crop improvement. While in vitro propagation methods such as micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis, and synthetic seed technology have transformed the scale and speed at which elite genotypes can be multiplied, they also introduce the risk of somaclonal variation, which can compromise genetic fidelity and commercial reliability. This manuscript reviews innovative regenerative strategies—including optimized micropropagation protocols, somatic embryogenesis, synthetic seed encapsulation, cryopreservation, molecular marker-assisted fidelity testing, and genome-editing-integrated regeneration systems—that collectively improve both propagation efficiency and genetic stability. Evidence from peer-reviewed literature indicates that combining tissue-culture-based multiplication with rigorous molecular monitoring (RAPD, ISSR, SSR) and cryogenic storage substantially reduces the incidence of undesirable variation while preserving the capacity to exploit useful somaclonal diversity when desired. The review further discusses developmental regulator-assisted regeneration and CRISPR/Cas9-compatible tissue culture systems as emerging tools that shorten regeneration timelines and reduce genotype dependency. The paper concludes by identifying persistent challenges—recalcitrance, epigenetic drift, and species-specific optimization requirements—and outlines future research directions for integrating regenerative biology with genomics-assisted breeding.
Keywords— micropropagation, somaclonal variation, somatic embryogenesis, synthetic seeds, cryopreservation, genetic fidelity, molecular markers, plant regeneration
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