Engineering and technology
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Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antennas for WLAN
Anjali Desai Independent Researcher India Abstract This manuscript presents a comprehensive study on the design and analysis of microstrip patch antennas tailored for WLAN applications, focusing exclusively on technologies and methodologies available up to 2015. A…
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Spectrum Sensing Techniques for Cognitive Radio Networks
Spectrum sensing is a critical function in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) that enables secondary users to detect vacant licensed channels for opportunistic access without causing harmful interference to primary users. This manuscript presents a comprehensive examination…
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BER Performance of QPSK and BPSK Modulation Over AWGN Channel
This manuscript presents a comprehensive analysis of the bit error rate (BER) performance of quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) and binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation schemes operating over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Analytical expressions…
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Image Compression Techniques Using Discrete Wavelet Transform
Image compression has become an indispensable component in digital imaging systems, enabling efficient storage and transmission of large volumes of data. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)–based techniques have emerged as powerful tools for achieving high compression ratios…
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FPGA Implementation of Digital Signal Processing Algorithms
Aanya Menon Independent Researcher India Abstract This manuscript presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) using technologies available up to 2015. Focusing on finite impulse response…
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Channel Estimation Techniques in MIMO-OFDM Systems (Pre-5G Era)
Vikram Subramanian Independent Researcher India ABSTRACT This manuscript investigates channel estimation techniques for MIMO-OFDM systems in the pre-5G era (up to 2015), providing a comprehensive survey of pilot-based, blind, and semi-blind methods, together with a simulation-based…
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Efficient Routing Protocols in MANETs: AODV vs. DSR Comparison
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) require robust, adaptive routing protocols to ensure efficient packet delivery under dynamic topologies and constrained resources. Among on-demand protocols, the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR)…
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Application of Support Vector Machines in Handwritten Digit Recognition
Rishi Khanna Independent Researcher India Abstract Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have emerged as a powerful supervised learning technique for pattern recognition tasks, including handwritten digit recognition. This manuscript reviews the application of SVMs to the recognition…
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Assessment of Pavement Roughness Using Bump Integrator Method
Neha Reddy Independent Researcher India ABSTRACT Assessment of pavement roughness is critical for evaluating road serviceability and user comfort. The bump integrator method, based on accelerometer measurements, offers a cost-effective and portable solution for roughness quantification.…
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Impact of Construction Delays on Project Cost and Schedule
Construction delays represent one of the most significant challenges in the built environment, impacting both project cost and schedule performance. This manuscript examines the multifaceted causes and consequences of delays, focusing on projects executed up to…